Author: Nium

Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) are powerful bioactive molecules that play a critical role in infant health, from gut microbiota development to immune protection. As the fourth most abundant component in human milk, after lactose, lipids, and proteins, HMOs provide essential benefits that cannot be replicated by standard infant formula (Bode, 2012). HMOs are not static;…

The infant gut microbiota plays a crucial role in shaping the immune system, influencing how the body responds to infections, allergies, and chronic diseases later in life. From birth, an infant’s microbiome begins developing, influenced by factors such as mode of delivery, type of feeding, antibiotic exposure, and maternal health. These factors determine whether the…

As scientific understanding of infant nutrition deepens, infant formula is evolving to more closely resemble human breast milk. The future of infant formula includes bioactive ingredients, genetically engineered components, and advanced prebiotics and probiotics, aiming to improve digestive health, immune function, and cognitive development. Although infant formula provides essential nutrients, it lacks many bioactive compounds…